参考文献/References:
Alberti M., Botsford E., Cohen A. 2001. Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. 87–115. In Marzluff J.M.,Bowman R.,Donnelly R. (Eds.), Quantifying the urban gradient: Linking urban planning and ecology. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Press
Anderson R. O., Neumann R. M. 1996. Length, weight, and associated structural indices. 447–482. In Murphy B.R.,Willis D.W. (Eds.), Fisheries techniques, 2nd edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society Press
Baillie J., Hilton-Taylor C., Stuart S. N. 2004. 2004 IUCN red list of threatened species: A global species assessment. IUCN, 2004.
B?ncil? R. I.,Hartel T., Pl?ia?u R.,Smets J., Cogǎlniceanu D. 2010. Comparing three body condition indices in amphibians: A case study of yellow-bellied toad Bombina variegata. Amphibia-Reptilia, 31(4): 558–562
Barrett K., Guyer C. 2008. Differential responses of amphibians and reptiles in riparian and stream habitats to land use disturbances in western Georgia, USA. Conserv Biol, 141(9): 2290–2300
Blaustein A. R., Bancroft B. A. 2007. Amphibian population declines: Evolutionary considerations. BioScience, 57(5): 437–444
Bowles B. D., Sanders M. S., Hansen R. S. 2006. Ecology of the Jollyville Plateau salamander (Eurycea tonkawae: Plethodontidae) with an assessment of the potential effects of urbanization. Hydrobiologia, 553(1): 111–120
Collins J. P.,Storfer A. 2003. Global amphibian declines: Sorting the hypotheses. Divers Distrib, 9(2): 89–98
Crump L., Scott Jr. N. 1994. Visual encounter surveys. 84–92. In Heyer, W. R., Donnelly, M. A., McDiarmid, R. W., Hayek, L. C., Foster, M. S. (Eds.), Measuring and monitoring biological diversity standard methods for amphibians. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press
Delgado-Acevedo J., Restrepo C. 2008. The contribution of habitat loss to changes in body size, allometry, and bilateral asymmetry in two Eleutherodactylus frogs from Puerto Rico. Conserv Biol, 22(3): 773–782.
Denys C.,Schmidt H. 1998. Insect communities on experimental mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) plots along an urban gradient. Oecologia, 113(2): 269–277
Fei L.,Hu S.,Ye C., Huang Y. 2009. Fauna Sinica. Amphibia. Volume 2. Anura. Beijing,China: Science Press, 937 pp (In Chinese)
Fulton T. 1902. Rate of growth of seashes. Fish Scotl Sci Invest Rept, 20:1035–1039
Gagné S. A., Fahrig L. 2007. Effect of landscape context on anuran communities in breeding ponds in the National Capital Region, Canada. Landscape Ecol, 22(2): 205–215
Grimm N. B., Faeth S. H., Golubiewski N. E., Redman C. L., Wu J., Bai X., Briggs J. M. 2008. Global change and the ecology of cities. Science, 319(5864):756–760.
Hamer A. J.,McDonnell M. J. 2008. Amphibian ecology and conservation in the urbanizing world: a review. Biol Conserv, 141(10): 2432–2449
Henle K., Lindenmayer D. B., Margules C. R., Saunders D. A., Wissel C. 2004. Species survival in fragmented landscapes: Where are we now? Biodivers Conserv, 13(1):1–8
Huang D. C., Su Z. M., Zhang R. Z., Koh L. P. 2010. Degree of urbanization influences the persistence of Dorytomus weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidae) in Beijing, China. Landscape Urban Plan, 96(3): 163–171
IUCN. 2014. Global Amphibian Assessment. Retrieved from: http://www.globalamphibians.org
Jones R. E., Petrell R. J., Pauly D. 1999. Using modified length–weight relationships to assess the condition of fish. Aquacult Eng, 20(99): 261–276
Lauk B. 2006. Fluctuating asymmetry of the frog Criniasignifera in response to logging. Wildlife Res, 33(4): 313–320
Liker A., Papp Z., Bókony V., Lendvai A. Z. 2008. Lean birds in the city: body size and condition of house sparrows along the urbanization gradient. J Anim Ecol, 77(4): 789–795
Marsh D. M., Pearman P. B. 1997. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the abundance of two species of Leptodactylid frogs in an Andean montane forest. Conserv Biol, 11(6): 1323–1328.
Matías-Ferrer N., Escalante P. 2015. Size, body condition, and limb asymmetry in two hylid frogs at different habitat disturbance levels in Veracruz, México. Herpetol J, 25(3): 169–176
McKinney M. L. 2002. Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Conservation the impacts of urbanization on native species are poorly studied, but educating a highly urbanized human population about these impacts can greatly improve species conservation in all ecosystems. BioScience, 52(10): 883–890
McKinney M. L. 2006. Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization. Biol Conserv, 127(3): 247–260
Miller J. E., Hess G. R., Moorman C. E. 2007. Southern two-lined salamanders in urbanizing watersheds.Urban Ecosyst, 10(1): 73–85
Murray D. L. 2002. Differential body condition and vulnerability to predation in snowshoe hares. J Anim Ecol, 71(4): 614–625
Niu W. Y., Liu Y. J. 2012. 2012 China new-type urbanization report. Beijing, China: Scientific and Technical Press, 10–12 pp (In Chinese)
Ormerod S. J., Tyler S. J. 1990. Assessments of body condition in dippers cinclus cinclus: Potential pitfalls in the derivation and use of condition indices based on body proportions. Ring Migrat, 11(1): 31–41
Reading C. J., Clarke R. T. 1995. The effects of density, rainfall and environmental temperature on body condition and fecundity in the common toad, Bufo bufo. Oecologia, 102(4): 453–459
Riley S. P., Busteed G. T., Kats L. B., Vandergon T. L., Lee L. F., Dagit R. G., Kerby J. L., Fisher R. N., Sauvajot R. M. 2005. Effects of urbanization on the distribution and abundance of amphibians and invasive species in southern California streams. Conserv Biol, 19(6): 1894–1907
Rubbo M. J., Kiesecker J. M. 2005. Amphibian breeding distribution in an urbanized landscape. Conserv Biol, 19(2): 504–511
Schulte-Hostedde A. I., Zinner B., Millar J. S., Graham J. H. 2005. Restitution of mass-size residuals: Validating body condition indices. Ecology, 86(1): 155–163.
Semlitsch R. D., Todd B. D., Blomquist, S. M., Calhoun A. J. K., Gibbons J. W., Gibbs J. P., Graeter G. J., Harper E. B.,Hocking D. J., Hunter M. L. 2009. Effects of timber harvest on amphibian populations: Understanding mechanisms from forest experiments. BioScience, 59(10): 853–862
Shanghai Agriculture Committee. 2014. Total planting area of crops in main year of Shanghai. Retrieved from: http://www.shagri.gov.cn
Suo M. L., Zhang S. P., Qin Y. Y., Gao J., Zhang J. R., LI H. C. 2012. Variation in body condition levels of passer montanus populations along an urban gradient in Beijing. Sichuan J Zool, 31(5): 778–781 (In Chinese)
Sztatecsny M., Schabetsberger R. 2005. Into thin air: vertical migration,body condition, and quality of terrestrial habitats of alpine common toads, Bufo bufo. Can J Zool, 83(6): 788–796
Thomas D. L., Taylor E. J. 2006. Study designs and tests for comparing resource use and availability II. J Wildlife Manage, 70(2): 324–336
Wang X. L., Wang J. L., Jiang H. R. 2007. Primary survey on relative fatness and population of lived paddy frog in Shanghai suburb farm. Sichuan J Zool, 26(2): 424–427
Xie Y. M., Ma J. F., Xu H. F. 2004. Shanghai wild animal and plant resources. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Press, 35–37pp (In Chinese)
Yang S. F. 2013. Estimated population and the effect of remove aquatic plants on green pond frog (Pelophylax fukienensis) at Pei-Pu in Hsin-Chu County. Master Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University: 1–34pp
Yu K. J. 2011. Low-carbon water purification landscape: Shanghai Houtan Park. Beijing Planning Rev, 2011(2): 139–149 (In Chinese)
Zhang Y. J., Dong Y., Jing J. 2010.Water body ecological restoration and landscape design in Houtan Park in Shanghai. Garden, 2010(8): 18–21 (In Chinese)