[1].Amphibians and Reptiles of Cebu, Philippines: The Poorly Understood Herpetofauna of an Island with Very Little Remaining Natural Habitat[J].Asian Herpetological Research,2016,7(3):151-179.[doi:10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.150049]
 Christian E. SUPSUP*,Nevong M. PUNA,Augusto A. ASIS,et al.Amphibians and Reptiles of Cebu, Philippines: The Poorly Understood Herpetofauna of an Island with Very Little Remaining Natural Habitat[J].Asian Herpetological Reserch(AHR),2016,7(3):151-179.[doi:10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.150049]
点击复制

Amphibians and Reptiles of Cebu, Philippines: The Poorly Understood Herpetofauna of an Island with Very Little Remaining Natural Habitat()
分享到:

Asian Herpetological Research[ISSN:2095-0357/CN:51-1735/Q]

卷:
7
期数:
2016年3期
页码:
151-179
栏目:
出版日期:
2016-09-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
Amphibians and Reptiles of Cebu, Philippines: The Poorly Understood Herpetofauna of an Island with Very Little Remaining Natural Habitat
文章编号:
AHR-2015-0049
Author(s):
Christian E. SUPSUP12* Nevong M. PUNA1 Augusto A. ASIS1 Bernard R. REDOBLADO3 Maria Fatima G. PANAGUINIT4 Faith M. GUINTO1 Edmund B. RICO1 Arvin C. DIESMOS5 Rafe M. BROWN6 and Neil Aldrin D. MALLARI1
1 Fauna and Flora International - Philippines, Foggy Heights Subdivision, Brgy. San Jose, Tagaytay City, Philippines
2 Biology Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines
3 Cebu Biodiversity Conservation Foundation, 41 Edison Street, Lahug, Cebu City, Cebu
4 Cebu Technological University - Argao Campus, Ed Kintanar Street, Lamacan, 6021 Argao, Cebu
5 Philippine National Museum, Zoology Division, Herpetology Section. Rizal Park, Burgos St., Manila, Philippines
6 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and KU Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
Keywords:
Cebu deforestation Philippines frogs lizards snakes
DOI:
10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.150049
Abstract:
Despite its proximity to other well studied islands, Cebu has received little attention from herpetologists, most likely because of early deforestation and the perception very little natural habitat remains for amphibians and reptiles. In this study, we present a preliminary assessment of island’s herpetofauna, focusing our field work on Cebu’s last remaining forest fragments and synthesizing all available historical museum distribution data. We surveyed amphibians and reptile populations using standardized methods to allow for comparisons between sites and assess sufficiency of sampling effort. Fieldwork resulted in a total of 27 species recorded from five study sites, complementing the 58 species previously known from the island. Together, our data and historical museum records increase the known number of Cebu’s resident species to 13 amphibians (frogs) and 63 reptiles (lizards, snakes, turtle, crocodile). We recorded the continued persistence Cebu’s rare and endemic lizard (Brachymeles cebuensis) and secretive snakes such as Malayotyphlops hypogius, and Ramphotyhlops cumingii, which persist despite Cebu’s long history of widespread and continuous habitat degradation. Most species encountered, including common and widespread taxa, appeared to persist at low population abundances. To facilitate the immediate recovery of the remaining forest fragments, and resident herpetofauna, conservation effort must be sustained. However, prior to any conservation interventions, ecological baselines must be established to inform the process of recovery.

参考文献/References:

Alcala A. C. 1957. Philippine notes on the ecology of the giant marine toad. Siliman J, 4: 90–96
Alcala A. C. 1958. Amphibians on Negros Island, including two new records. Siliman J, 5: 171–174
Alcala A. C. 1967. Population biology of the flying lizards, Draco volans on Negros Island, Philippines. University of the Philippines Natural and Applied Sciences Bulletin, 20: 335–372
Alcala A. C. 1986. Guide to Philippine flora and fauna, Vol. X, Amphibians and Reptiles. Manila, Philippines: Natural Resource Management Center, Ministry of Natural Resources and the University of the Philippines, 195 pp
Alcala A. C., Brown W. C. 1967. Population Ecology of the Tropical Scincoid Lizard, Emoia atrocostata, in the Philippines. Copeia, 1967(3): 596–604
Alcala A. C., Brown W. C. 1998. Philippine amphibians: An illustrated field guide. Makati, Philippines: Bookmark Inc. Press, 113 pp
Alcala A. C., Bucol A. A., Diesmos A. C., Brown R. M. 2012. Vulnerability of Philippine Amphibians to Climate Change. Philippine J Sci, 141(1): 77–87
Alcala E. L., Alcala A. C., Dolino C. N. 2004. Amphibians and reptiles in tropical rainforest fragments on Negros Island, the Philippines. Environ Conserv, 31 (3): 254–261
AmphibiaWeb. 2016. Information on amphibian biology and conservation. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://aphibiaweb.org/ (Accessed: March 2016)
Barley A. J., Datta-Roy A., Karanth K. P., Brown R. M. 2014. Sunk skink diversification across the Indian-Southeast Asian biogeographical interface. J Biogeogr, 42: 292–304.
Barley A. J., Diesmos A. C., Brown R. M. 2013. The challenge of species delimitation at the extremes: diversification without morphological change in the Philippine sun skinks. Evolution, 67: 3556–3572
Bensel T. 2008. Fuelwood, deforestation, and land degradation: 10 years of evidence from Cebu province, the Philippines. Land Degra Dev, 19(6): 587–605
Bourns F. S., Worcester D. C. 1894. Preliminary notes on the birds and mammals collected by the Menage Scientific Expedition to the Philippine Islands. Minneapolis: The Academy of Natural Sciences
Brown R. M., Alcala A. C. 2000. Geckos, cave frogs, and small land-bridge islands in the Visayan sea. Haring Ibon, 2: 19–22
Brown R. M., Diesmos A. C. 2002. Application of lineage-based species concepts to oceanic island frog populations: the effects of differing taxonomic philosophies on the estimation of Philippine biodiversity. Siliman J, 42(1): 133–162
Brown R. M., Diesmos A. C. 2009. Philippines, biology. In Gillespie R., Clague D. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Islands. Berkeley, CA. University of California Press, 723–732
Brown R. M., Diesmos A. C., Alcala A. C. 2001. The state of Philippine herpetology and the challenges for the next decade. Siliman J, 42(1): 18–87
Brown R. M., Linkem C. W., Siler C. D., Sukumaran J., Esselstyn J. A., Diesmos A. C., Iskandar D. T., Bickford D., Evans B. J., McGuire J. A., Grismer L., Supriatna J., Andayani N. 2010. Phylogeography and historical demography of Polypedates leucomystax in the islands of Indonesia and the Philippines: evidence for recent human-mediated range expansion? Mol Phylogenet Evol, 57(2): 598–619
Brown R. M., McGuire J. A., Ferner J. W., Icarangal N., Kennedy R. S. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Luzon Island, II: preliminary report on the herpetofauna of Aurora Memorial National Park, Philippines. Hamadryad-Madras, 25: 175–195
Brown R. M., Oliveros C. H., Siler C. D., Fernandez J. B., Welton L. J., Buenavente P. A. C., Diesmos M. L. L., Diesmos A. C. 2012. Amphibians and Reptiles of Luzon Island (Philippines), VII: Herpetofauna of Ilocos Norte Province, Northern Cordillera Mountain Range. Checklist, 8(3): 469–490
Brown R. M., Siler C. D., Diesmos A. C., Alcala A. C. 2009. Philippine frogs of the genus Leptobrachium (Anura; Megophryidae): phylogeny-based species delimitation, taxonomic review, and descriptions of three new species. Herpetol Monogr, 23(1): 1–44
Brown R. M., Siler C. D., Oliveros C. H., Esselstyn J. A., Diesmos A. C., Hosner P. A., Linkem C. W., Barley A. J., Oaks J. R., Sanguila M. B., Welton L. J., Blackburn D. C., Moyle R. G., Townsend Peterson A., Alcala A. C. 2013a. Evolutionary Processes of Diversification in a Model Island Archipelago. Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 44(1): 411–435
Brown R. M., Siler C. D., Oliveros C. H., Welton L. J., Rock A., Swab J., Weerd M. V., van Beijnen J., Jose E., Rodriguez D., Jose E., Diesmos A. C. 2013b. The amphibians and reptiles of Luzon Island, Philippines, VIII: the herpetofauna of Cagayan and Isabela Provinces, northern Sierra Madre Mountain Range. ZooKeys, 266(266): 1–120
Brown W. C. 1956. A revision of the genus Brachymeles (Scincidae), with descriptions of new species and subspecies. Breviora, 54: 1–19
Brown W. C., Alcala A. C. 1961. Populations of amphibians and reptiles in the submontane and montane forests of Cuernos de Negros, Philippine Islands. Ecology, 42(4): 628–636
Brown W. C., Alcala A. C. 1964. Relationships of the herpetofaunas of the non-depterocarp communities to that of the dipterocarp forest on southern Negros Island, Philippines. Senckenbergiana biologie, 45: 591–611
Brown W. C., Alcala A. C. 1970. The zoogeography of the herpetofauna of the Philippine Islands, A fringing archipelago. Proc California Acad Sci, 38:105–130
Brown W. C., Alcala A. C. 1978. Philippine Lizards of the Family Gekkonidae. Dumaguete City, Philippines: Silliman University Press, 146 pp
Brown W. C., Alcala A. C. 1980. Philippine Lizards of the Family Scincidae. Dumaguete City, Philippines: Silliman University Press, 264 pp
Brown W. C., Alcala A. C. 1986. Comparison of the herpetofaunal species richness on Negros and Cebu Islands, Philippines. Silliman J, 33: 74–86
Brown W. C., Alcala A. C., Diesmos A. C. 1999. Four new species of the genus Platymantis (Amphibia: Ranidae) from Luzon Island, Philippines. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 51(12): 449–460
Colwell R. K. 2005. EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 8. User’s Guide and application published at: http://purl.oclc.org/estimates
Das I., Austin C. C. 2007. New Species of Lipinia (Squamata: Scincidae) from Borneo, Revealed by Molecular and Morphological Data. J Herpetol, 41(1): 61–71
David P., Pauwels O. S. G., Lays P. F. A. G., Lenglet G. L. 2006. On a collection of reptiles from Southern Mindanao Island, the Philippines. Biologie, 76: 201–227
Davis D. R., Watters J. L., K?hler G., Whitsett C., Huron N. A., Brown R. M., Diesmos A. C., Siler C. D. 2015. Redescription of the rare Philippine false gecko Pseudogekko brevipes (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) and description of a new species. Zootaxa, 4020(2): 357–375
Devan-Song A., Brown R. M. 2012. Amphibians and Reptiles of Luzon Island, Philippines, VI: The Herpetofauna of the Subic Bay Area. Asian Herpetol Res, 3(1): 1–20
Diesmos A. C., Brown R. M., Alcala A. C., Sison R. V. 2008. Status and Distribution of Non-marine Turtles of the Philippines. Chelonian Conserv Biol, 7(2): 157–177
Diesmos A. C., Brown R. M., Gee G. V. A. 2004. Preliminary report on the amphibians and reptiles of Balbalasang-Balbalan national Park, Luzon Island, Philippines. Sylvatrop, 13(1and2): 63–80
Diesmos A. C., Diesmos M. L., Brown R. 2006. Status and Distribution of Alien Invasive Frogs in the Philippines. J Environ Sci and Manag, 9: 41–53
Diesmos A. C., Duya L., Gonzales J. C., Gaulke M., Delima E. 2009. Gonocephalus sophiae (Negros Forest Dragon). Retrieved from http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/169895/0
Diesmos A. C., Gonzales J. C. 2009. Lepidodactylus aureolineatus (Yellow-lined Smooth-scaled Gecko). Retrieved from http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/169804/0
Diong C. H., Lim S. S. L. 1998. Taxonomic review and morphometric description of Bronchocela cristatella (Kuhl, 1820) (Squamata: Agamidae) with notes on other species in the genus. Raffles Bull Zool, 46(2): 345–359
Dutson G. C. L., Magsalay P. M., Timmins R. J. 1993. The rediscovery of the Cebu Flowerpecker Dicaeum quadricolor, with notes on other forest birds on Cebu, Philippines. Bird Conserv Inter, 3: 235–243
Ferner J. W., Brown R. M., Sison R. V., Kennedy R. S. 2000. The amphibians and reptiles of Panay Island, Philippines. Asiatic Herpetol Res, 9: 34–70
FMB. 2004. 2004 Philippine Forestry Statistics. Retrieved from http://forestry.denr.gov.ph/stat2004.htm
Frost D. R. 2016. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 (March 2016). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
Gaulke M. 1995. Observations on arboreality in a Philippine blind snake. Asiatic Herpetol Res (6): 45–48
Gaulke M. 2011. Herpetofauna of Panay Island, Philippines: An Illustrated Field Guide. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Edition Chimaira, 388 pp
Gaulke M., Roesler H., Brown R. M. 2007. A new species of Luperosaurus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Panay Island, Philippines, with comments on the taxonomic status of Luperosaurus cumingii (Gray, 1845). Copeia, 2007(2): 413–425
Gotelli N. J., Colwell R. K. 2001. Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness. Ecol Lett, 4(4): 379–391
Greer A. E. 1985. The Relationships of the Lizard Genera Anelytropsis and Dibamus. J Herpetol, 19(1): 116–156
Grismer L. L. 2011. Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, and their adjacent archipelagos. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Edition Chimaira, 728 pp
Grismer L. L., Wood Jr. P. L., Anuar S., Muin M. A., Quah E. S. H., McGuire J. A., Brown R. M., Tri N. V. 2013. Integrative taxonomy uncovers high levels of cryptic species diversity in Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekknonidae) and the description of a new species from Peninsular Malaysia. Zool J Linnean Soc, 169: 849–880
Groombridge B. 1982. The IUCN Amphibia-reptilia Red Data Book. IUCN
Hall R. 2002. Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: computer-based reconstructions, model and animations. J Asian Earth Sci, 20: 353–431
Hahn D. E. 1980. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Anomalepididae, Leptotyphlopidae, Typhlopidae. Das Tierreich, 101:1–93
Hallermann J. 2010. Dibamus novaeguineae (New Guinea Blind Earless Skink, New Guinea Blind Lizard). Retrieved from http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/177587/0
Hallermann J. 2013. A Taxonomic Review of the Genus Bronchocela (Squamata: Agamidae), with Description of a New Species from Vietnam. Russ J Herpetol, 12(3): 167–182
Heaney L. R. 1985. Zoogeographic evidence for middle and late Pleistocene land bridges to the Philippine Islands. Mod Quat Res, 9: 127–144
Heaney L. R., Regalado J. C. 1998. Vanishing Treasures of the Philippine Rain Forest. Chicago, USA: Field Museum of Natural History
Hedges S. B., Marion A. B., Lipp K. M., Marin J., Vidal N. 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetol, 49: 1–61
Herre A. W. C. T., Rabor D. S. 1949. Notes on Philippine Sea Snakes of the Genus Laticauda. Copeia, 1949(4): 282–284
Heyer W. R., Donnelly M. A., McDiarmid R. W., Hayek L. C., Foster M. S. 1994. Measureing and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Amphibians. Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution Press
Hijmans R. J., Cameron S. E., Parra J. L., Jones P. G., Jarvis A. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Inter J Clima, 25(15): 1965–1978
Inger R. F. 1954. Systematics and zoogeography of Philippine Amphibia. Chicago, USA: Chicago Natural History Museum
Iskandar D. T. 2004. The amphibians and reptiles of Malinau Region, Bulungan Research Forest, East Kalimantan: annonated checklist with notes on the ecological presence of the species and local utilization. Bagor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research
IUCN. 2010. Guidelines for using the IUCN redlist categories and criteria, version 8.1. Retrieved from http://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf
IUCN. 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Retrieved from http://www.iucnredlist.org/
Kuch U., McGuire J. A. 2004. Range extensions of Lycodon capucinus BOIE, 1827 in eastern Indonesia. Herpetozoa, 17: 191–193
Kummer D., Concepcion R., Canizares B. 1994. Environmental Degradation in the Uplands of Cebu. Geog Rev, 84(3): 266–276
Kummer D., Concepcion R., Ca?izares B. 2003. Image and reality: exploring the puzzle of “continuing” environmental degradation in the uplands of Cebu, the Philippines. Philippine Quart Cult Soc, 31: 135–155
Kurniawan N., Djong T. H., Islam M. M., Nishizawa T., Belabut D. M., Sen Y. H., Wanichanon R., Yasir I., Sumida M. 2011. Taxonomic status of three types of Fejervarya cancrivora from Indonesia and other Asian countries based on morphological observations and crossing experiments. Zool Sci, 28(1): 12–24
Kurniawan N., Islam M. M., Djong T. H., Igawa T., Daicus M. B., Yong H. S., Wanichanon R., Khan M. M. R., Iskandar D. T., Nishioka M., Sumida M. 2010. Genetic divergence and evolutionary relationship in Fejervarya cancrivora from Indonesia and other Asian countries inferred from allozyme and MtDNA sequence analyses. Zool Sci, 27(3): 222–233
Leviton A. E. 1963. Remarks on the zoogeography of Philippine terrestrial snakes. Proc California Acad Sci, 31: 369–416
Leviton A. E. 1964. Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, IV. The genera of Chrysopelea and Dryophiops. Philippine J Sci, 93: 131–145
Leviton A. E. 1967. Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, X. The snakes of the genus Ahaetulla. Philippine J Sci, 96(1): 73–90
Leviton A. E. 1970. Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, XII. The Philippine snakes of the genus Dendrelaphis (Serpentes: Colubrodae). Philippine J Sci, 97(4): 371–396
Leviton A. E. 1979. Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, XIII. The snakes of the genus Elaphe. Philippine J Sci, 106(1): 99–128
Leviton A. E. 1983. Contributions to a review of Philippine snakes, XIV. The snakes of the genera Xenopeltis, Zaocys, Psammodynastes and Myersophis. Philippine J Sci, 112: 195–223
Leviton A. E., Brown R. M., Siler C. D. 2014. The Dangerously Venomous Snakes of the Philippine Archipelago with Identification Keys and Species Accounts. In Williams G. C., Gosliner T. M. (Eds.), The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hearst Philippine Biodiversity Expedition. San Francisco, California: California Academy of Sciences, 473–530
Leviton A. E., Brown W. C. 1959. A Review of the Snakes of the Genus Pseudorabdion with Remarks on the Status of the Genera Agrophis and Typhlogeophis (Serpentes: Colubridae). Proc California Acad Sci, 29: 475–508
Linkem C. W., Brown R. M., Siler C. D., Evans B. J., Austin C. C., Iskandar D. T., Diesmos A. C., Supriatna J., Andayani N., McGuire J. A. 2013. Stochastic faunal exchanges drive diversification in widespread Wallacean and Pacific island lizards (Squamata: Scincidae: Lamprolepis smaragdina). J Biogeogr, 40(3): 507–520
Linkem C. W., Diesmos A. C., Brown R. M. 2011. Molecular systematics of the Philippine forest skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Sphenomorphus): testing morphological hypotheses of interspecific relationships. Zool J Linnean Soc, 163(4): 1217–1243
Linkem C. W., Hesed K. M., Diesmos A. C., Brown R. M. 2010. Species boundaries and cryptic lineage diversity in a Philippine forest skink complex (Reptilia; Squamata; Scincidae: Lygosominae). Mol Phylogenet Evol, 56(2): 572–585
McDiarmid R. W., Campbell J. A., Toure? T. h. A. 1999. Snake species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Washington, DC: Herpetologists’ League
McGregor R. C. 1907. Notes on Birds Collected in Cebu. Philippine J Sci, 2: 298–309
McGuire J. A., Brown R. M., Mumpuni, Riyanto A., Andayani N. 2007. The Flying Lizards of the Draco lineatus Group (squamata: Iguania: Agamidae): A Taxonomic Revision with Descriptions of Two New Species. Herpetol Monogr, 21(1): 179–212
McLeod D. S., Siler C. D., Diesmos A. C., Diesmos M. L., Garcia V. S., Arkonceo A. O., Balaquit K. L., Uy C. C., Villaseran M. M., Yarra E. C. 2011. Amphibians and Reptiles of Luzon Island, V: The Herpetofauna of Angat Dam Watershed, Bulacan Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Asian Herpetol Res, 2(4): 177–198
Mertens R. 1968. Die Arten und Unterarten der Schmuckbaumschlangen (Chrysopelea). Senckenbergiana biologica, 49: 191–217
Murphy J. C., Voris H. K., Karns D. R. 2012. The dog-faced water snakes, a revision of the genus Cerberus Cuvier, (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3484: 1–34
Oaks J. R., Sukumaran J., Esselstyn J. A., Linkem C. W., Siler C. D., Holder M. T., Brown R. M. 2013. Evidence for Pleistocene-driven diversification? A caution for interpreting ABC inferences of simultaneous historical events. Evolution, 67: 991–1010
Oliveros C. H., Ota H., Crombie R. I., Brown R. M. 2011. The Herpetofauna of the Babuyan group of islands, northern Philippines. Sci Publ Nat Hist Mus Univ Kansas, 43: 1–20
Ota H., Darevsky I. S., Kupriyanova L. A., Hikida T., Lue K. Y., Chen S. H., Hayashi T. 1993. Geographic variation in the parthenogenetic lizard, Hemidactylus stejnegeri Ota and Hikida 1989 (Gekkonidae Reptilia), with comments on recently discovered male phenotypes. Tropical Zool, 6(1): 125–142
Ota H., Hikida T. 1989. A Record of a Triploid Gecko, Hemidactylus stejnegeri, from the Northern Philippines. Japanese J Herpetol, 13: 35–39
Paguntalan L. M., Jakosalem P. G. C., Gonzales J. C., Diesmos A. C. 2009. Brachymeles cebuensis. Retrieved from http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/169811/0
PBCPP. 2002. Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities: A second iteration of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Quezon City, Philippines: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources-Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau, Conservation International Philippines, Biodiversity Conservation Program-University of the Philippines Center for Integrative and Development Studies, and Foundation for the Philippine Environment
Pyron R. A., Wallach V. 2014. Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zootaxa, 3829(1): 1–81
Rabor D. S. 1959. The Impact of Deforestation on Birds of Cebu, Philippines, with New Records for That Island. The Auk, 76(1): 37–43
Reynolds R. G., Niemiller M. L., Revell L. J. 2014. Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 71: 201–213
Roesler H., Siler C. D., Brown R. M., Demegillo A. D., Gaulke M. 2006. Gekko ernstkelleri sp. n. – A new gekkonid lizard from Panay Island, Philippines. Salamandra, 42(4): 197–211
Roque C. R., Zamora P. M., Alonzon R., Padilla S. G., Ferrer M. C., Cacha D. M. 2000. Philippines: Cebu, Negros and Palawan. In Wood A., Stedman-Edwards R., Mang J. (Eds.), The Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd, 282–308
Ross C. A. 1982. Crocodiles in the Republic of the Philippines. In Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources: 84–90
Seidenschwarz F. 1988. Forest Types of Cebu Island. Univ San Carlos Publ, 16: 93–105
Siler C. D., Brown R. M. 2010. Phylogeny-based species delimitation in Philippine slender skinks (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae: Brachymeles): taxonomic revision of the pentadactyl species groups and description of three new species. Herpetol Monogr, 24(1):1–54
Siler, C. D., Lira-Noriega A., Brown R. M. 2014a. Conservation genetics of Australasian Sailfin Lizards: flagship species threatened by coastal development and insufficient protected area coverage. Biol Cons, 169(2): 100–108
Siler C. D., Diesmos A. C., Alcala A. C., Brown R. M. 2011a. Phylogeny of Philippine slender skinks (Scincidae: Brachymeles) reveals underestimated species diversity, complex biogeographical relationships, and cryptic patterns of lineage diversification. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 59(1): 53–65
Siler C. D., Linkem C. W., Diesmos A. C., Alcala A. C. 2007. A new species of Platymantis (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) from Panay Island, Philippines. Herpetologica, 63(3): 351–364
Siler C. D., Oaks J. R., Cobb K., Ota H., Brown R. M. 2014b. Critically endangered island endemic or peripheral population of a widespread species? Conservation genetics of Kikuchi’s gecko and the global challenge of protecting peripheral oceanic island endemic vertebrates. Diversity Distrib, 2014: 1–17
Siler C. D., Oaks J. R., Welton L. J., Linkem C. W., Swab J. C., Diesmos A. C., Brown R. M. 2012a. Did geckos ride the Palawan raft to the Philippines? J Biogeogr, 39(7): 1217–1234
Siler C. D., Oliveros C. H., Brown R. M. 2012b. Geographic range notes on Brachymeles cebuensis and re-evaluation of its conservation status. Herpetol Rev, 43(2): 305
Siler C. D., Swab J., Diesmos A. C., Averia L., Alcala A. C., Brown R. M. 2012c. Amphibians and Reptiles, Romblon Island Group, central Philippines: Comprehensive herpetofaunal inventory. Checklist, 8(3): 443–462
Siler C. D., Welton L. J., Siler J. M., Brown J., Bucol A., Diesmos A. C., Brown R. M. 2011b. Amphibians and Reptiles, Luzon Island, Aurora Province and Aurora Memorial National Park, Northern Philippines: New island distribution records. Checklist, 7(2): 182–195
Siler C. D., Welton L. J., Davis D. R., Watters J. L., Davey C. S., Diesmos A. C., Diesmos M. L., Brown R. M. 2014c. Taxonomic revision of the Pseudogekko compresicorpus Complex (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), with descriptions of three new species. Herpetol Monogr, 28:110–139
Siler C. D., Dececchi A. A., Merkord C. L., Davis D. R., Christiani T. J., Brown R. M. 2014d. Cryptic diversity and population genetic structure in the rare, endemic, forest-obligate, geckos of the Philippines. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 70:204–209
Sutherland W. J. 2006. Ecological Census Techniques: A Handbook. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 432 pp
Sy E. Y. 2014. Geographic distribution: Kaloula pulchra on Cebu Island, Philippines. Herpetol Rev, 45(2): 276–277
Taylor E. H. 1915. New species of Philippine Lizards. Philippine J Sci, 10: 89–109
Taylor E. H. 1917. Snakes and lizards known from Negros, with descriptions of new species and new subspecies. Philippine J Sci, 12: 353–381
Taylor E. H. 1920. Philippine turtles. Philippine J Sci, 16: 111–144
Taylor E. H. 1922a. The lizards of the Philippine Islands. Manila, Philippines: Philippine Bureau of Sci, Monogr, 17, 178 pp
Taylor E. H. 1922b. The snakes of the Philippine Islands. Manila, Philippines: Dept Agric Nat Res, Bureau Sci, 312 pp
Uetz P., Ho?ek J. (Eds.) 2016. The Reptile Database, http://www.reptile-database.org, accessed March 13, 2016.
Utiger U., Sch?tti B., Helfenberger N. 2005. The Oriental colubrine genus Coelognathus Fitzinger, 1843, and classification of Old and New World Racers and Ratsnakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae, Colubrinae). Russ J Herpetol, 12(1): 39–60
van Rooijen J., Vogel G. 2012. A revision of the taxonomy of Dendrelaphis caudolineatus (Gray, 1834) (Serpentes: Colubridae). Zootaxa, 3272: 1–25
Vidal N., Marin J., Morini M., Donnellan S., Branch W. R., Thomas R., Vences M., Wynn A., Cruaud C., Hedges S. B. 2010. Blindsnake evolutionary tree reveals long history on Gondwana. Bio Lett, 6(4): 558–561
Voris H. K. 2000. Maps of Pleistocene sea levels in Southeast Asia: shorelines, river systems and time durations. J Biogeogr, 27: 1153–1167
Wallach V., Williams K. L., Boundy J. 2015. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Florida, USA: CRC Press, 1227 pp
Welton L. J., Siler C. D., Diesmos A. C., Brown R. M. 2009. A New Bent-Toed Gecko (Genus Cyrtodactylus) from Southern Palawan Island, Philippines and Clarification of the Taxonomic Status of C. annulatus. Herpetologica, 65(3): 328–343
Welton, L. J., Siler C. D., Oaks J. R., Diesmos A. C. Brown R. M. 2013. Multilocus phylogeny and Bayesian estimates of species boundaries reveal hidden evolutionary relationships and cryptic diversity in Southeast Asian monitor lizards. Mol Ecol, 22: 3495–3510
Wheater C. P., Cook P. A. 2000. Using statistics to understand the environment. London: Routledge, 220 pp
Wynn A., Diesmos A. C., Brown R. M. 2016. Two new species of Malayotyphlops from the northern Philippines, with redescriptions of M. luzonensis (Taylor) and M. ruber (Boettger). J Herpetol, 50(1):157–168
Yumul G. P., Dimalanta C. B., Quea?o K., Marquez E. 2009. Philippines, geology. In Gillespie R., Clague D. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Islands. Berkeley, California, USA University of California Press, 732–738
Yumul G. P., Dimalanta C. B., Tamayo R. A., Maury R. C. 2003. Collision, subduction and accretion events in the Philippines: A synthesis. Island Arc, 12(2): 77–91

更新日期/Last Update: 2016-09-25