[1].Captive Breeding of the Four-eyed Turtle (Sacalia quadriocellata)[J].Asian Herpetological Research,2010,1(2):111-117.[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1245.2010.00111]
　HE Bin,LIU Yuxiang,SHI Haitao *,et al.Captive Breeding of the Four-eyed Turtle (Sacalia quadriocellata)[J].Asian Herpetological Research(AHR),2010,1(2):111-117.[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1245.2010.00111]
点击复制

Captive Breeding of the Four-eyed Turtle (Sacalia quadriocellata)()
分享到：

Asian Herpetological Research[ISSN:2095-0357/CN:51-1735/Q]

卷:
1
期数:
2010年2期
页码:
111-117
栏目:
Original Article
出版日期:
2010-12-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
Captive Breeding of the Four-eyed Turtle (Sacalia quadriocellata)
文章编号:
AHR-2010-022
Author(s):
HE Bin1;  LIU Yuxiang1;  SHI Haitao1; 2 * ;  ZHANG Jie1;  HU Maogui1;  MA Yonggang1;  FU Lirong1;  HONG Meiling1;  WANG Jichao1;  Fon
1 College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China
2 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
3 Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA
4 Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama, Box 870340, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0340, USA
Keywords:
four-eyed turtle;  Sacalia quadriocellata;  captive breeding;  hormone;  stress;  conservation
DOI:
10.3724/SP.J.1245.2010.00111
Abstract:
In 1998, a study on forty-five four-eyed turtles (Sacalia quadriocellata) was initiated to gather preliminary biological data of this species and to investigate the feasibility of its captive reproduction. In the following six years, no courtship behavior was found occurring in males and no oviposition in females. From 2004 to 2007, two successful techniques were applied to initiate reproductive behavior: 1) injecting exogenous reproductive hormones; and 2) reducing the stress of living in captivity. As a result of the hormone treatments, courtship behavior and copulation were observed during September and October, 2005. However, no courtship displays were seen from the CK males, which were not treated with hormones. Ovulation occurred between December and March, and the correlation was not significant between behavior of ovulation and food intake. Females laid only one clutch of eggs each year, with 2.47 eggs (n=34, range=1–4) at average, and 84 eggs were totally obtained, of which 13 were damaged, 52 were infertile and 19 fertile. Of the fertile eggs, nine were hatched with mean incubation period of 105.9 days (n=9, range=89–122 days) at temperature ranging from 24 to 27°C.

参考文献/References:

Beil J. 2005. Beobachtungen bei der Haltung und Vermehrung von Cuora amboinensis kamaroma Rummler & Fritz 1991. Radiata, 14: 61?62
Berdanier C. D. 1989. Role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of lipogenesis. FASEB J, 3: 2179?2183
Bowswell T., Woods S. C., Kenagy J. G. 1994. Seasonal changes in body mass, insulin, and glucocorticoids of free-living golden-mantled ground squirrels. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 96: 339?346
CBSG. 2001. IUCN Asian Turtle Workshop: Developing conservation strategies through captive management final report. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group: Apple Valley, MN, USA.
Debruin R. W. F., Artner H. G. 1987. On the turtles of Hainan Island, Southern China. Chelonian Conservation and IUCN. The IUCN Policy Statement on Captive Breeding. Cambridge: IUCN Publications Service.
Detlef F., Fritzsche M. 2005. Experiences with the Indochinese Box Turtle Cuora galbinifrons Bourret, 1939. Radiata, 14 (2): 48?49
Dodd C. K., Seigel R. A. 1991. Relocations, repatriation, and translocation of amphibians and reptiles: Are they conservation strategies that work? Herpetologica, 47: 336?350
Fong J. J., Parham J. F., Shi H. T., Stuart B. L., Carter R. L. 2007. A genetic survey of heavily exploited, endangered turtles: Caveats on the conservation value of trade animals. Anim Conserv, 10: 452?460
Gong S. P., Shi H. T., Wang J. C., Fu Y. L. 2007. Geographic distribution of Sacalia quadriocellata on Hainan Island. Sichuan J Zool, 26: 326?328 (In Chinese with English abstract)
Gong S. P., Xu R. M., Shi H. T. 2003. Zoogeography and conservation priority of hard-shelled freshwater turtles on Hainan Island. Chin J Zool, 38: 68?71 (In Chinese with English abstract)
Holberton R. L., Parrish J. D., Wingfield J. C. 1996. Modulation of the adrenocortical stress response in neotropical migrants during autumn migration. Auk, 113: 558?564
IUCN. 1998. IUCN/SSC guidelines for re-introductions. Prepared by the IUCN/SSC Re-introductions Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 10 pp
Kuchling G.. 1999. The reproductive biology of the chelonia. Berlin: Springer Press, 113?119
Kuchling G., Bradshaw S. D. 1993. Ovarian cycle and egg production in the western swamp tortoise Pseudemydura umbrina (Testudines: Chenidae) in the wild and in captivity. J Zool, 229: 405?419
Lau M., Shi H. T. 2000. Conservation and trade of terrestrial and freshwater turtles and tortoises in the People’s Republic of China. In: Asian Turtle Trade. van Dijk P. P., Stuart B. L., Rhodin A. G.. J. (eds), Chelonian Research Monograph, 2: 30?38
Liu Y. X., He B., Shi H. T., Murphy R. W., Fong J. J., Wang J. C., Fu L. R., Ma Y. G.. 2008. An analysis of courtship behavior in the four-eyed spotted turtle, Sacalia quadriocellata (Reptilia: Testudinata: Batagurinae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 29: 185?195
Liu Y. X., Wang J., Shi H. T., Murphy R. W., Hong M. L., He B., Fong J. J., Wang J. C., Fu L. R.. 2009. Ethogram of Sacalia quadriocellata (Reptilia: Testudines: Geoemydidae) in captivity. J Herpetol, 43(2): 318?325
Loehr V. 1999. Husbandry, behavior, and captive breeding of the Namaqualand speckled padloper (Homopus signatus signatus). Chelonian Conserv Biol, 3: 468?473
Manzo C., Zerani M., Gobbetti A., Difiore M. M., Angelini F. 1994. Is corticosterone involved in the reproductive processes of the male lizard, Podarcis sicula sicula? Horm Behav, 28: 117?129
Moore I. T., Mason R. T. 2001. Behavioral and hormonal responses to corticosterone in the male red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis. Physiol Behav, 72: 669?674
Rodel M. O. 1985. Zum Verhalten von Sacalia bealei (Testudines: Emydidae). Salamandra, 21: 123?131
Rostal D. C., Robeck T. R., Owens D. W., Kraemer D. C. 1990. Ultrasound imaging of ovaries and eggs in Kemp’s Ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempi). J Zool Wildl Med, 21: 27?35
Schleicher A., Loehr V. 2001. Husbandry, behavior, and captive breeding of the Nama padloper, Homopus bergeri, from southwestern Namibia. Chelonian Conserv Biol, 4: 165?170
Schleicher A. 2004. Experiments with keeping and breeding the Namibian Cape Tortoise Homopus sp. (“Homopus bergeri”), in a Namibian outdoor enclosure. Radiata, 13(4): 3?12
Shi H. T., Fu Y. L., Wang J. C. 2002. The riddle of Sacalia quadriocellata. Man Biosphere, 6: 33?39 (In Chinese)
Shi H. T., Fong J. J., Parham J. F., Pang J. F., Wang J. C., Hong M. L., Zhang Y. P. 2008. Mitochondrial variation of the “eyed” turtles (Sacalia) based on known locality and trade specimens. Mol Phyl Evol, 49: 1025?1029
Snyder N. F. R., Derrickson S. R., Beissinger S. R., Wiley J. W., Smith T. B., Toone W. D., Miller B. 1996. Limitations of captive breeding in endangered species recovery. Conserv Biol, 10: 338?348
Song J., Yu M. 2002. The protecting and breeding of the freshwater turtle in China. China Nat, 12 (In Chinese)
Stuart B. L., van Dijk P. P., Hendrie D. B. 2001. Photographic Guide to the Turtles of Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia. Wildlife Conservation Society, Design Group, 84 pp
Symanski D. 2004. Haltung und Nachzucht von McCords Schlangenhaalsschildkr?te Chelodina mccordi Rhodin, 1994. Radiata, 13: 10?16
Turtle Conservation Fund. 2002. A Global Action Plan for Conservation of Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles. Strategy and Funding Prospectus 2002 to 2007. Washington, DC: Conservation International and Chelonian Research Foundation, 30 pp
Tyrrell C. L., Cree A. 1998. Relationships between corticosterone concentration and season, time of day and confinement in a wild reptile (tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus). Gen Comp Endocrinol, 110: 97?108
Wang Z. W., Hong M. L., Shi H. T., Wang J., Guo Y. J. 2005. The diet of Sacalia quadriocellata in captivity. Sichuan J Zool, 24 (2): 218?221 (In Chinese with English abstract)
Xia J. 1983. Habit observation and comparison research of turtles in the south of Anhui Province in China. Sichuan J Zool, 2: 30?34 (In Chinese)
Zhao E. M. 1998. China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals (Amphibia and Reptilia). Beijing: Science Press, 120?121
Zhou T. 1997. Ecology of Four Eye-spotted Turtle under human breeding condition. In: Chinese Chelonian Research. Zhao E. M., (Ed), Sichuan J Zool, 15 (Suppl.): 147?150 (In Chinese)

更新日期/Last Update: 2016-03-15