References:
Abell A. J. 1999. Variation in clutch size and offspring size relative to environmental conditions in the lizard Sceloporus virgatus. J Herpetol, 33: 173–180
Ai C. 2009. A study on the distribution range of Hobq desert in the 7–9th century. 251–260. In Du W. (Ed.). Journal of Tang History (Series 11th). Xi’an: Sanqin Publishing House
Angilletta M. J. Jr., Niewiarowski P. H., Dunham A. E., Leaché A. D., Porter W. P. 2004. Bergmann’s clines in ectotherms: Illustrating a life-history perspective with sceloporine lizards. Am Nat, 164: E168–E183
Angilletta M. J., Niewiarowski P. H., Navas C. A. 2002. The evolution of thermal physiology in ectotherms. J Therm Biol, 27: 249–268
Attum O., Eason P., Cobbs G., Baha El Din S. M. 2006. Response of a desert lizard community to habitat degradation: Do ideas about habitat specialists/generalists hold? Biol Conserv, 133: 52–62
Case T. J. 1983. Niche overlap and the assembly of island lizard communities. Oikos, 41: 427–433
Denno R. F., Dingle H. 1981. Insect Life History Patterns: Habitat and Geographic Variation. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag
Díaz J. A., Iraeta P., Verdú-Ricoy J., Siliceo I., Salvador A. 2012.?Intraspecific variation of reproductive traits in a Mediterranean lizard: Clutch, population, and lineage effects. Evol Biol, 39: 106–115
Du W. G., Ji X., Zhang Y. P., Xu X. F., Shine R. 2005. Identifying sources of variation in reproductive and life-history traits among five populations of a Chinese lizard (Takydromus septentrionalis, Lacertiade). Biol J Linn Soci, 85: 443–453
Du W. G., Robbins T. R., Warner D. A., Langkilde T., Shine R. 2014.?Latitudinal and seasonal variation in reproductive effort of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). Integr Zool, 9: 360–371?
Gozdzik A., Fu J. 2009. Are toad-headed lizards?Phrynocephalus przewalskii?and?P. frontalis?(family Agamidae) the same species? Defining species boundaries with morphological and molecular data. Russ J Herpetol, 16: 107–118
Hao X., Zou T. T., Han X. Z., Zhang F. S., Du W. G. 2021. Grow fast but don’t die young: Maternal effects mediate life-history trade-offs of lizards under climate warming. J Anim Ecol, 90(6): 1550–1559
Heshmati G. A., Squires V. R. 2013. Combating desertification in Asia, Africa and the Middle East: Proven practices. New York, London: Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg
Hille S. M., Cooper C. B. 2015. Elevational trends in life histories: revising the pace-of-life frame. Biol Rev, 90: 204–213
Huang J., Zhang G., Zhang Y., Guan X., Wei Y., Guo R. 2020.?Global desertification vulnerability to climate change and human activities. Land Degrad Dev, 1–12
Iraeta P., Salvador A., Díaz J. A. 2013. Life-history traits of two Mediterranean lizard populations: A possible example of countergradient covariation. Oecologia, 172: 167–176
Ji X., Du W. G., Qu Y. F., Lin L. H. 2009. Nonlinear continuum of egg size-number trade-offs in a snake: Is egg-size variation fitness related? Oecologia, 159: 689–696
Li J., Zhou R., Liu N. 2014. Life-history variation among three populations of the toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii along an elevation gradient on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Herpetol J, 24: 17–23
Li S. R., Hao X., Bi J. H., Du W. G. 2017. Why do female desert lizards construct burrows to lay eggs? Behaviour, 154: 1051–1068
Ljungstr?m G., Stjernstedt M., Wapstra E., Olsson M. 2016.?Selection and constraints on offspring size-number trade-offs in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis). J Evol Biol, 29: 979–990
Ma L., Sun B. J., Li S. R., Sha W., Du W. G. 2014. Maternal thermal environment induces plastic responses in the reproductive life history of oviparous lizards. Physiol Biochem Zool, 87: 677–683
Malav L. C., Kumar S., Malav P. K. 2020. Global status of biodiversity and threats. Research Today, 2(5) Spl: 330–332
Marshall D. J., Burgess S. C., Connallon T. 2016. Global change, life-history complexity and the potential for evolutionary rescue. Evol Appl, 9: 1189–1201
Mata-Silva V., Ramírez-Bautista A., Johnson J. D. 2010. Reproductive characteristics of two syntopic whiptail lizards, Aspidoscelis marmorata and Aspidoscelis tesselata, from the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Southwest Nat, 55: 125–129
McLean M., Mouillot D., Auber A. 2018. Ecological and life history traits explain a climate-induced shift in a temperate marine fish community. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 606: 175–186
Olsson M., Wapstra E., Olofsson C. 2002. Offspring size-number strategies: Experimental manipulation of offspring size in a viviparous lizard (Lacerta vivipara). Funct Ecol, 16: 135–140
Pearson R. G., Stanton J. C., Shoemaker K. T., Aiello-Lammens M. E., Ersts P. J., Horning N., Fordham D. A., Raxworthy C. J., Ryu H. Y., McNees J., Ak?akaya H. R. 2014. Life history and spatial traits predict extinction risk due to climate change. Nat Clim Chang, 4: 217–221
Pianka E. R. 1986. Ecology and Natural History of Desert Lizards. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Qu Y. F., Gao J. F., Mao L. X., Ji X. 2011. Sexual dimorphism and female reproduction in two sympatric toad-headed lizards, Phrynocephalus frontalis and P. versicolor (Agamidae). Anim Biol, 61: 139–151
Radchuk V., Turlure C., Schtickzelle N. 2013. Each life stage matters: The importance of assessing the response to climate change over the complete life cycle in butterflies. J Anim Ecol, 82: 275–285
Roff D. A. 2002. Life History Evolution. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates
Schrader M., Travis J. 2012. Assessing the roles of population density and predation risk in the evolution of offspring size in populations of a placental fish. Ecol Evol, 2: 1480–1490
Stearns S. C. 1992. The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Sun B. J., Ma L., Li S. R., Williams C. M., Wang Y., Hao X., Du W. G. 2018. Phenology and the physiological niche are co-adapted in a desert-dwelling lizard. Funct Ecol, 32: 2520–2530
Tang Z., An H., Zhu G., Shangguan Z. 2018.?Beta diversity diminishes in a chronosequence of desertification in a desert steppe. Land Degrad Dev, 29: 543–550
Urquhart J., Wang Y., Fu J. 2009. Historical vicariance and male-mediated gene flow in the toad-headed lizards Phrynocephalus przewalskii. Mol Ecol, 18: 3714–3729
Van Loben Sels R. C., Vitt L. J. 1984. Desert lizard reproduction: Seasonal and annual variation in Urosaurus ornatus (Iguanidae). Can J Zool, 62: 1779–1787
Wang Y., Ji W., Zhao W., Yu N., Liu N. 2011. Geographic variation in clutch and egg size for the lizard Phrynocephalus przewalskii (Squamata: Agamidae). Asian Herpetol Res, 2: 97–102
Wang Y., Zeng Z. G., Li S. R., Bi J. H., Du W. G. 2016.?Low precipitation aggravates the impact of extreme high temperatures on lizard reproduction. Oecologia, 182: 961–971
Wei J. Y., Zeng Z. G., Zhang X. L., Shuai L. Y., Teng L. W., Yan W. B., Liu Z. S. 2019. Effects of habitat desertification on the community composition of lizards. Acta Ecol Sinica, 39: 1680–1687
Yu T. L., Deng Y. H. 2020.?Geographic variation in maternal investment and trade-offs between egg size and clutch size in an endemic toad of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sci Rep, 10: 6838
Zeng Z. G., Bi J. H., Li S. R., Chen S. Y., Pike D. A., Gao Y., Du W. G. 2014. Effects of habitat alteration on lizard community and food web structure in a desert steppe ecosystem. Biol Conserv, 179: 86–92
Zeng Z. G., Bi J. H., Li S. R., Wang Y., Robbins T. R., Chen S. Y., Du W. G. 2016. Habitat alteration influences a desert steppe lizard community: Implications of species-specific preferences and performance. Herpetol Monogr, 30: 34–48
Zeng Z. G., Zhao J. M., Sun B. J. 2013. Life history variation among geographically close populations of the toad-headed lizard (Phrynocephalus przewalskii): Exploring environmental and physiological associations. Acta Oecol, 51: 28–33
Zhang L. W., Lang J., Li L. 2018. Historical evolution of sandy desertification in ancient China. Arid Land Geography, 41: 1270–1277
Zhang X. L., Zeng Z. G., Wei J. Y., Teng L. W., Yan W. B., Liu Z. S. 2018. Effects of habitat desertification on the diet of Phrynocephalus frontalis. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38: 7075–7081
Zhao H. L., Zhao X. Y., Zhang T. H., Zhou R. L. 2007. Bioprocess of desertification and restoration mechanism of degraded vegetation. Beijing: Science Press
Zhao E. M., Zhao K. T., Zhou K. Y. 1999. Fauna Sinica, Reptilia, Vol. 2, Squamata. Beijing: Science Press
Zhao W., Yu N., Wang Y., Ji W., Liu N. 2011. Female reproductive cycles of Phrynocephalus przewalskii (Lacertilia: Agamidae) in the Tengger desert, China. Asian Herpetol Res, 2: 30–35