Fatemeh FAKHARZAEH,Jamshid DARVISH,Haji Gholi KAMI,et al.New Karyological and Morphometric Data on Poorly Known Bufo surdus and Bufo luristanicus in Comparison with Data of Diploid Green Toads of the Bufo viridis Complex from South of Iran[J].Asian Herpetological Research(AHR),2014,5(3):168-178.[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00168]
Click Copy

New Karyological and Morphometric Data on Poorly Known Bufo surdus and Bufo luristanicus in Comparison with Data of Diploid Green Toads of the Bufo viridis Complex from South of Iran
Share To:

Asian Herpetological Research[ISSN:2095-0357/CN:51-1735/Q]

Issue:
2014 VoI.5 No.3
Page:
168-178
Research Field:
Original Article
Publishing date:
2014-09-25

Info

Title:
New Karyological and Morphometric Data on Poorly Known Bufo surdus and Bufo luristanicus in Comparison with Data of Diploid Green Toads of the Bufo viridis Complex from South of Iran
Author(s):
Fatemeh FAKHARZAEH12* Jamshid DARVISH1 Haji Gholi KAMI3 Fereshteh GHASEMZADEH1 and Eskandar RASTEGAR-POUYANI4
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari university, Sabzevar, Iran
Keywords:
Bufo viridis complex taxonomy Bufo surdus Bufo luristanicus Bufo variabilis karyotype morphometry Iran
PACS:
-
DOI:
10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00168
Abstract:
Previous studies on the Bufo viridis complex, which is distributed broadly across Iran, are incomplete and restricted to a few regions or a few samples. In this paper a new detailed study on the B. viridis complex in southern of Iran (from West to East) is presented. The analysis of 18 morphometric characters with univariate and multivariate methods reveals significant differences between three members of the B. viridis complex namely B. variabilis, B. luristanicus, and B. surdus distributed in southern part of Iran. Our result help to resolve an old taxonomic problem about B. surdus subgroup (taxa closely related to B. surdus) confirming that B. luristanicus and B. surdus are distinct species. Moreover, for the first time we report and describe karyotype details of B. luristanicus and B. surdus which confirmed that they are diploid. Karyological studies demonstrate that all toads from three mentioned species have 2n = 22 chromosomes. These chromosomes are arranged into two groups. First group has six large chromosomes and the second group is composed of five small chromosomes. These chromosomes are metacentric or submetacentric. The number of submetacentric chromosomes is different in three mentioned species of B. viridis complex. Neither sexual heteromorphism, nor secondary constriction was observed in any pairs of chromosomes.

References:

Afrasiab S. R., Ali H. A. 1988. A new record of toad Bufo surdus, Boulenger (Amphibia, Bufonidae) from Iraq with preliminary key for Iraqi Amphibia. Bull Iraq Nat Mus, 8(1): 115–123
Al-Shehri A. H., Al-Saleh A. A. 2010. First report of the karyotype of Bufo dhufarensis from Saudi Arabia. J King Saud Univ, Science , 22: 73–76
Anderson, S. C. 1985. Amphibians. In Yarshater E. (Ed.), Encyclopedia Iranica. Vol. 1, Fascicle 9:?987–990
Baloutch M., Kami H. G. 1995. Amphibians of Iran. Tehran, Iran: Tehran University Press, 177 pp (In Persian)
Batista V. , Carranza S. ,Carretero M. A., Harris D. J. 2006 Genetic variation within Bufo viridis: Evidence from mitochondrial 12s and 16s rRNA DNA sequences. Bull Soc Catalana Herpetol Barcelona, 17: 24–33
Bogart J. P. 1972. Karyotypes. In Blair W. F. (Ed.), Evolution in the Genus Bufo. Austin: University of Texas Press, 171–195
Borkin L. J., Caune I. A., Pisanetz E. M., Rozanov Y. M. 1986. Karyotype and genome size in the Bufo viridis group. In Ro?ek Z. (Ed.), Studies in Herpetology, Charles University, Prague, 137–141
Borkin L. J., Rozanov J. M., Litvinchuk S. N. 2000. Nuclear DNA content in some green toads (Bufo viridis complex) of Turkey and Iran. Russ J Herpetol, 7(3): 171–180
Borkin L. J., Shabanov D. A., Brandler O. V., Kukushkin O. V., Litvinchuk S. N., Mazepa G. A., Rozanov J. M. (2007). A case of natural triploidy in European diploid green toad (Bufo viridis), with some distributional records of diploid and tetraploid toads. Russ J Herpetol, 14(2), 121–132
Cavallo D., Devita R., Eleuteri P., Borkin L., Emechenko V., Odiema G., Balletto E. 2002. Karyological and flow cytometric evidence of triploid specimens in Bufo viridis (Amphibia Anura). Eur J Histochem, 16: 159–164
Degani G.,Goldberg T., Gasith A., Elron E., Nevo E.2013.DNA variations of the green toad Pseudepidalea viridis (syn. Bufo viridis) from various habitats. Zool Stud, 52: 1–15
Eiselt J., Schmidtler J. F. 1971. Vorlaufige Mitteilung über zwei neue Subspecies von Amphibia salientia aus dem Iran. Ann Naturhist Mus Wien, 75: 383–385
Fakharzadeh F., Darvish J., Ghassemzadeh F., Kami H. G. 2009. Anuran karyological study of Khorasan province. Asian J Bio Sci, 2(3): 66–73
Inger R. F. 1972. Bufo of Eurasia. In Blair W. F. (Ed.), Evolution in the genus Bufo. Austin: University Texas Press, 102–118
Javari M., Torki F. 2009. Notes on morphology, ecology, behavior and systematics of Bufo luristanicus Schmidt, 1952. Herpetozoa, 21: 171–178
Kasahara S., Siva A. P., Haddad C. F. 1996. Chromosome banding in three species of Brazilian toads (Amphibia-Bufonidae). Rev Brasil Genet, 19: 237–242
Levan A., Fredga K., Sandberg A. A. 1964. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas, 52: 201–220
Litvinchuk S. N., Rosanov J. M., Usmanova N. M., BorkinL. J.,Mazanaeva L. F., Kazakov V. I. 2007. Variability of microsatellites BM224 and Bcal7 in populations of green toads (Bufo viridis complex) differing by nuclear DNA content and ploidy. Cell Tissue Bio, 1 (1): 65–79
Masik E. J., Kadirova B. K., Toktosunov A. T. 1976. Karyotype pattern in the green toad Bufo viridis in Kirghizia. Zool Zh, 55(11): 1740–1743 (In Russian with English summary)
Mertens R. 1971. Zur Kennthis von Bufo luristanicus (Salientia Bufonidae) .Salamandra, 7: 83–84
Miura I. 1995. The late replication banding patterns of chromosome are highly conserved in genera Rana, Hyla and Bufo (Amphibia, Anura). Chromosoma, 103: 567–574
Pallas P. S., Baldinger E. G., Erxleben J. C. P. 1777. Naturgeschichte merkwürdiger Thiere, in welcher vornehmlich neue und unbekannte Thierarten durch Kupferstiche, Beschreibungen und Erklarungen erlautert werden. Berlin and Stralsund: G. A. Lange
Roth P., Ráb P. 1986. Karyotype analysis of the Bufo viridis group: Systematic implications. In Roèek Z. (Ed.), Studies in Herpetology. Prague: Charles University, 131–135
Schmidt K. P. 1955. Amphibians and reptiles from Iran. Vidensk Medd Dansk Naturh Foren, 117: 193–207
Schmid M. 1978. Chromosome banding in amphibia. Chromosoma, 66(4): 361–388
Schmidtler J. J., Schmidtler J. F. 1969. ?ber Bufo surdus; mit einem Schlüssel und Anmerkungen zu den übrigen Kr?ten Irans und West-Pakistans. Salamandra, 5: 113–123
Siripivasing P., Chulalaksananukul W., Pariyanonth P., Kaewsri S., Sittigul, S., Seatung N., Tanomtong A. 2008. The identification of the sex chromosome and karyotype of four toad species (genus Bufo) in Thailand bt T-lymphocyte cell culture. Cytologia, 73(3): 229–241
St?ck M., Günther R., B?hme W. 2001a. Progress towards a taxonomic revision of the Asian Bufo viridisgroup: Current status of nominal taxa and unsolved problems (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Zool Abh Staatl Mus Tierkunde Dresden, 51: 253–319
St?ck M., Frynta, D., Grosse, W.-R., Steinlein, C., Schmid, M., 2001b. A review of the distribution of diploid, triploid and tetraploid green toads (Bufo viridis complex) in Asia including new data from Iran and Pakistan. Asiatic Herp Res, 9: 77–100
St?ck M., Grosse W. R. 2003. Die Bufo viridis-Untergruppe in MIttel- und Zentralasien: Eine?bersichzuVerbreitung, Polyploidie, Paarungsrufen und Taxonomie. Mertensiella, 14:179–217
St?ck M., Steinlein C., Lamatsch D. K., Schartl M., Schmid M. 2005. Multiple origins of tetraploid taxa in the Eurasian Bufo viridis subgroup. Genetica, 124: 255–272
St?ck M., Moritz C.,Hickerson M.,Frynta D., Dujsebayeva T., Eremchenko V., Macey J.R., Papenfuss T.J., Wake D.B. 2006. Evolution of mitochondrial relationships and biogeography of Palearctic green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup) with insights in their genomic plasticity. Mol Phyl Evol, 41: 663–689
Zareian H., Gholamhosseini A., Esmaeili H.R., Teimori A. 2012. Vertebrates of Kuh-e-Gorm non-hunting area, Jahrom, Iran: Diversity, conservation and challenges. Iran J Anim Biosyst, 8(2): 169–182

Memo

Memo:
-
Last Update: 2016-01-25